A differential k-form can be integrated on an -dimensional
manifold. The basic example is an
-form
in the open unit ball in
. Since
is a top-dimensional
form, it can be written
and so
(1)
|
where the integral is the Lebesgue integral.
On a manifold covered by coordinate charts
, there is a partition
of unity
such that
1.
has support in
and
2. .
Then
(2)
|
where the right-hand side is well-defined because each integration takes place in a coordinate chart.
The integral of the -form
is well-defined
because, under a change of coordinates
, the integral transforms according to the determinant
of the Jacobian, while an
-form pulls back by the determinant of the Jacobian.
Hence,
(3)
|
is the same integral in either coordinate chart.
For example, it is possible to integrate the 2-form
(4)
|
on the sphere . Because a point has measure
zero, it is enough to integrate
on
, which can be covered by stereographic
projection
.
Since
(5)
|
the pullback map of is
(6)
|
the integral of
on
is
(7)
|
Note that this computation is done more easily by Stokes' theorem, because .