A doubly periodic function with periods and such that
(1)
which is analytic and has no singularities except for poles in the finite part of the complex
plane . The half-period ratio must not be purely real, because if it is,
the function reduces to a singly periodic function if is rational, and a constant if is irrational (Jacobi 1829). and are labeled such that , where is the imaginary part .
A "cell" of an elliptic function is defined as a parallelogram region in the complex plane in which the function is not multi-valued.
Properties obeyed by elliptic functions include
1. The number of poles in a cell is finite.
2. The number of roots in a cell is finite.
3. The sum of complex residues in any cell is
0.
4. Liouville's elliptic function theorem : An elliptic function with no poles in a cell
is a constant.
5. The number of zeros of (the "order") equals the number of poles
of .
6. The simplest elliptic function has order two, since a function of order one would have a simple irreducible pole , which would need to have
a nonzero residue. By property (3), this is impossible.
7. Elliptic functions with a single pole of order 2 with complex residue 0 are called Weierstrass
elliptic functions . Elliptic functions with two simple poles
having residues
and
are called Jacobi elliptic functions .
8. Any elliptic function is expressible in terms of either Weierstrass elliptic function or Jacobi elliptic
functions .
9. The sum of the affixes of roots equals the sum of the affixes of the poles .
10. An algebraic relationship exists between any two elliptic functions with the same periods.
The elliptic functions are inversions of the elliptic integrals . The two standard forms of these functions are known as Jacobi
elliptic functions and Weierstrass
elliptic functions . Jacobi elliptic functions
arise as solutions to differential equations of the form
(2)
and Weierstrass elliptic functions
arise as solutions to differential equations of the form
(3)
See also Doubly Periodic Function ,
Elliptic Curve ,
Elliptic
Integral ,
Half-Period Ratio ,
Jacobi
Elliptic Functions ,
Jacobi Theta Functions ,
Liouville's Elliptic Function Theorem ,
Modular Form ,
Modular
Function ,
Neville Theta Functions ,
Weierstrass Elliptic Functions
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Cite this as:
Weisstein, Eric W. "Elliptic Function."
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