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Weingarten Equations


The Weingarten equations express the derivatives of the normal vector to a surface using derivatives of the position vector. Let x:U->R^3 be a regular patch, then the shape operator S of x is given in terms of the basis {x_u,x_v} by

-S(x_u)=N_u=(fF-eG)/(EG-F^2)x_u+(eF-fE)/(EG-F^2)x_v
(1)
-S(x_v)=N_v=(gF-fG)/(EG-F^2)x_u+(fF-gE)/(EG-F^2)x_v,
(2)

where N is the normal vector, E, F, and G the coefficients of the first fundamental form

 ds^2=Edu^2+2Fdudv+Gdv^2,
(3)

and e, f, and g the coefficients of the second fundamental form given by

e=-N_u·x_u
(4)
=N·x_(uu)
(5)
f=-N_v·x_u
(6)
=N·x_(uv)
(7)
=N·x_(vu)
(8)
=-N_u·x_v
(9)
g=-N_v·x_v
(10)
=N·x_(vv).
(11)

See also

Fundamental Forms, Shape Operator

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References

Gray, A. Modern Differential Geometry of Curves and Surfaces with Mathematica, 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 369-371, 1997.

Referenced on Wolfram|Alpha

Weingarten Equations

Cite this as:

Weisstein, Eric W. "Weingarten Equations." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource. https://mathworld.wolfram.com/WeingartenEquations.html

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