The concept of a space is an extremely general and important mathematical construct. Members of the space obey certain addition properties. Spaces which have been investigated and found to be of interest are usually named after one or more of their investigators. This practice unfortunately leads to names which give very little insight into the relevant properties of a given space.
The everyday type of space familiar to most people is called Euclidean space. In Einstein's theory of Special Relativity, Euclidean three-space plus time (the "fourth dimension") are unified into the so-called Minkowski space. One of the most general type of mathematical spaces is the topological space.