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Proper Subfield


A subfield which is strictly smaller than the field in which it is contained.

The field of rationals Q is a proper subfield of the field of real numbers R which, in turn, is a proper subfield of C; R is actually the biggest proper subfield of C, whereas there are infinite sequences of proper subfields between Q and R. Here is one example, constructed by using the pth root of 2 for different prime numbers p,

 Q subset Q[sqrt(2)] subset Q[sqrt(2),RadicalBox[2, 3]] subset Q[sqrt(2),RadicalBox[2, 3],RadicalBox[2, 5],] subset Q[sqrt(2),RadicalBox[2, 3],RadicalBox[2, 5],RadicalBox[2, 7]] subset  
 Q[sqrt(2),RadicalBox[2, 3],RadicalBox[2, 5],RadicalBox[2, 7],RadicalBox[2, 11]] subset ... subset R.

Note that all the fields in the sequence are contained in the set of algebraic numbers, which is another proper subfield of R.

Hence, R has infinitely many proper subfields. On the contrary, Q has none, since any subfield of Q must contain 0, all integer multiples of 1, and all their quotients (since every field is a division algebra), thus generating all the rational numbers. In particular, Q is the smallest proper subfield of R.

For all prime numbers p and integers n>1, the prime field GF(p) is a proper subfield of GF(p^n).


See also

Field, Prime Subfield, Subfield

This entry contributed by Margherita Barile

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Cite this as:

Barile, Margherita. "Proper Subfield." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource, created by Eric W. Weisstein. https://mathworld.wolfram.com/ProperSubfield.html

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