A New Kind of Science is a seminal work on simple programs by Stephen Wolfram. In 1980, Wolfram's studies found unexpected behavior in a collection of simple computer experiments. From these, he developed a methodology for tackling fundamental problems in science, from the origins of apparent randomness in physical systems, the development of complexity in biology, the ultimate scope and limitations of mathematics, the possibility of a fundamental theory of physics, the interplay between free will and determinism, and the character of intelligence in the universe. The book, also available online, contains a full account of Wolfram's studies and discoveries.
New Kind of Science
See also
Causal Graph, Causal Invariance, Cellular Automaton, Church-Turing Thesis, Computation, Computational Irreducibility, Computational Paradigm, Computational Reducibility, Confluent, Cyclic Tag System, Elementary Cellular Automaton, Experimental Mathematics, Generalized Mobile Automaton, Lag System, Mobile Automaton, Multiway System, Principle of Computational Equivalence, Register Machine, Rule 30, Rule 60, Rule 90, Rule 102, Rule 110, Rule 150, Rule 250, Sequential Substitution System, Simple Program, Substitution System, Tag System, Totalistic Cellular Automaton, Turing Machine, UniversalityThis entry contributed by Ed Pegg, Jr. (author's link)
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References
Allouche, J.-P. and Shallit, J. Automatic Sequences: Theory, Applications, Generalizations. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2003.Weisstein, E. "A New Kind of Science in Stores Now." MathWorld headline news. May 14, 2002. http://mathworld.wolfram.com/news/2002-05-14/nks/.Wolfram, S. A New Kind of Science. Champaign, IL: Wolfram Media, 2002.Wolfram, S. "A New Kind of Science Online." http://www.wolframscience/nksonline/.Wolfram, S. "Programs from the Notes." http://www.wolframscience.com/nks/programs/.Referenced on Wolfram|Alpha
New Kind of ScienceCite this as:
Pegg, Ed Jr. "New Kind of Science." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource, created by Eric W. Weisstein. https://mathworld.wolfram.com/NewKindofScience.html