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Border Square


BorderSquare

A magic square that remains magic when its border is removed. A nested magic square remains magic after the border is successively removed one ring at a time. An example of a nested magic square is the order 7 square illustrated above (i.e., the order 7, 5, and 3 squares obtained from it are all magic).

PrimeMagicSquareMadachy

The amazing square above (Madachy 1979, pp. 93-94) is a 13×13 prime magic border square, so that the 11×11, 9×9, ..., and 3×3 subsquares are all also prime magic squares.


See also

Magic Square

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References

Chabert, J.-L. (Ed.). "Squares with Borders" and "Arnauld's Borders Method." §2.1 and 2.4 in A History of Algorithms: From the Pebble to the Microchip. New York: Springer-Verlag, pp. 53-58 and 70-80, 1999.Kraitchik, M. "Border Squares." §7.7 in Mathematical Recreations. New York: W. W. Norton, pp. 167-170, 1942.Madachy, J. S. "Magic and Antimagic Squares." Ch. 4 in Madachy's Mathematical Recreations. New York: Dover, pp. 85-113, 1979.

Referenced on Wolfram|Alpha

Border Square

Cite this as:

Weisstein, Eric W. "Border Square." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource. https://mathworld.wolfram.com/BorderSquare.html

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